Nervous system

the primary function of the nervous system the basic purpose is to coordinate all of the activities of the body it enables the body to respond and adapt to changes that occur both inside and outside the body.

the nervous system is actually split into two parts

1. central nervous system

1. peripheral nervous system

central nervous system -

 the central nervous system is made up of two major structures 

• brain  
• spinal cord

brain -

 brain is found within the cranium or skull and there
are six main sections among other
structures within it these six sections -

1] cerebrum -  this is the largest section it's divided into two major hemispheres which are the - 1] right hemisphere 2] left hemispherethe

 cerebrum is further divided into four lobes these four lobes are -

•  frontal - the frontal lobe is primarily responsible for reasoning and thought.
•  parietal - the parietal is primarily responsible for integrating sensory information .
• temporal - the temporal is primarily responsible for processing auditory information from the ear.
• occipital -the occipital is primarily responsible for processing visual information from the eyes.

2] cerebellum  - 

this is the section located in the back of the head below the cerebrum and above the first cervical of the neck it is responsible for muscle coordination balance posture and muscle tone .

3]diencephalon - 

 diencephalon section is found between the cerebrum in the midbrain .it contains two structures - 

•  thalamus -thalamus behaves much like a relay station and direct sensory impulses to the cerebrum .
•  hypothalamus-  hypothalamus controls and regulates autonomous nervous system functions such as temperature appetite water balance sleep and blood vessel constriction .the hypothalamus also plays a role in the emotions such as anger fear pleasure pain and affection.

4] midbrain pons -

the midbrain section is located below the cerebrum at the top of the brainstem it is responsible for certain eye and auditory reflexes the pons is located below the midbrain and in the brain stem it is responsible for certain reflex actions such as chewing tasting and saliva production .

5] medulla oblongata-

 it's the lowest part of the brainstem and it connects with the spinal cord and is responsible for regulating heart and blood vessel function digestion respiration swallowing coughing sneezing
and blood pressure , it's also known as the center for respiration 

spinal cord -

spinal cord is the link between the brain and the nerves in the rest of the body the spinal cord is divided into four different regions -

• cervical thoracic 
• lumbar 
• aferret spinal nerves- afferent spinal nerves are responsible for carrying information from the body to the brain 
• efferent spinal nerves  - efferent spinal nerves are responsible for carrying information from the brain to the body

peripheral nervous system -  

it  is subdivided into two smaller systems -

• somatic nervous system 

- somatic nervous system is responsible for carrying motor and sensory information both to and from the central nervous system this system is made up of nerves that connect to the skin sensory organs in all skeletal muscles .
somatic system is also responsible for nearly all voluntary muscle movements as well as for processing sensory information that arrives via external stimuli including hearing touch and sight the structures that allow this communication to happen between the nerves throughout the body.

• autonomic nervous system - 

autonomic nervous system is further divided into- 

• sympathetic nervous system -

sympathetic nervous system is vital to our survival have you ever heard of the fight-or-flight response to danger the sympathetic nervous system revs up the body when confronted with imminent danger to either defend yourself or to escape the threat

• parasympathetic nervous system-

parasympathetic nervous system is the counterbalance to the sympathetic response to danger whether real or imagined once the threat is gone the parasympathetic brings all the systems of the body back to normal

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